To What Extent is “Shang, Above ” in Chinese Conceptualized?

Homo sapiens have the ability to conceptualize and the ability to express themselves with what they have conceptualized. These two abilities interact with each other. To what extent can human beings combine these two abilities? In order to answer this question, we studied the historical conception of the linguistic sign “shang, above ” in archaic Chinese (11th-3rd centuries BC). We chose “shang ” because it is used to express time as well as space in the Chinese language. The other aim of our paper is then to examine how ancient Chinese people conceptualized time in terms of space